SHADING: Using a straightforward side-to-side shading motion, a smooth even layer of color is built up. A very light touch can be used to deposit the faintest amount of pigment for graduated shading.
HATCHING: Rapid, regular, evenly spaced lines are drawn, leaving a little white paper or underlying colour showing.
CROSS-HATCHING: Hatching overlaid at right-angles. This can be done with different colors, or carried through multiple layers, to create a textured effect.
SCUMBLING: The 'brillo pad' method, tiny overlapping circles rapidly drawn. Again, it can be used to build up a single color or different colors.
DIRECTIONAL MARKS: Short directional lines which follow a contour, or the direction of hair or grass or other surfaces. These can be densely overlaid to form a rich textural effect.
INCISED MARKS: Incised Marks: Two thick layers of color are overlaid, then the top color gently scratched into with a blade or pin to let the lower layer show through.
BURNISHING: Burnishing is simply layers of colored pencil overlaid with strong pressure so that the tooth of the paper is filled and a smooth surface results. This image shows a burnished surface compared with a basic overlay of color. With some colors, especially with waxier pencils than the watercolor pencils used for this example, a quite translucent and jewel-like effect can be obtained with careful burnishing.
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